Mzere Wopanga Stamping Wotentha Wothamanga Kwambiri wa Chitsulo Champhamvu Kwambiri (Aluminiyamu)
Zinthu zazikulu
Mzere wopanga unapangidwa kuti uthandize kupanga zida zamagalimoto pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wopopera kutentha. Njira imeneyi, yomwe imadziwika kuti hot stamping ku Asia ndi press hardening ku Europe, imaphatikizapo kutenthetsa zinthu zopanda kanthuzo kutentha kwina kenako nkuzikanikiza mu nkhungu zofanana pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wopopera wa hydraulic pamene mukusunga kupanikizika kuti mukwaniritse mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna ndikudutsa gawo la zinthu zachitsulo. Njira yopopera kutentha imatha kugawidwa m'njira zopopera kutentha mwachindunji komanso mosalunjika.
Ubwino
Chimodzi mwa zabwino zazikulu za zigawo zomangidwa ndi chivundikiro chotentha ndi kapangidwe kake kabwino kwambiri, komwe kumalola kupanga ma geometri ovuta okhala ndi mphamvu yolimba kwambiri. Mphamvu yayikulu ya zigawo zomangidwa ndi chivundikiro chotentha imalola kugwiritsa ntchito mapepala achitsulo owonda, kuchepetsa kulemera kwa zigawozo pamene zikusunga umphumphu wa kapangidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito osweka. Ubwino wina ndi uwu:
Kuchepetsa Ntchito Zolumikizirana:Ukadaulo wopaka ma hita umachepetsa kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito ma payipi olumikizira kapena omangirira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zizigwira bwino ntchito komanso kuti zinthu zizigwira bwino ntchito.
Springback ndi Warpage Zochepetsedwa:Njira yopopera kutentha imachepetsa masinthidwe osafunikira, monga gawo la springback ndi warpage, kuonetsetsa kuti pali kulondola kolondola kwa miyeso ndikuchepetsa kufunikira kokonzanso kwina.
Zofooka Zochepa za Zigawo:Zigawo zosindikizidwa ndi masitampu otentha sizimawonetsa zolakwika zambiri, monga ming'alu ndi kusweka, poyerekeza ndi njira zopangira zinthu zozizira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale bwino komanso kuti ziwonongeke pang'ono.
Kulemera kwa Tonnage Yotsika:Kuponda motentha kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma press tonnage ofunikira poyerekeza ndi njira zopangira zinthu zozizira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zisamawonongeke komanso kuti ntchito yopangira zinthu izi ikhale yogwira mtima kwambiri.
Kusintha kwa Zinthu Zamtengo Wapatali:Ukadaulo wopaka zinthu zotentha umalola kusintha zinthu kutengera madera enaake a gawolo, ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito ndi magwiridwe antchito.
Kupititsa patsogolo Kapangidwe ka Zing'onozing'ono:Kupaka zinthu zotentha kumapereka mphamvu yowonjezera kapangidwe kake ka zinthuzo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makina azikhala bwino komanso kuti zinthuzo zikhale zolimba.
Njira Zopangira Zosavuta:Kupondaponda kotentha kumachotsa kapena kuchepetsa njira zopangira zinthu zapakatikati, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti njira yopangira ikhale yosavuta, kupanga bwino, komanso nthawi yoperekera zinthu ikhale yochepa.
Mapulogalamu Ogulitsa
Mzere Wopanga Zitsulo Zolimba Kwambiri (Aluminium) Wotentha Kwambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga ziwalo zoyera za thupi la magalimoto. Izi zikuphatikizapo ma pillar assemblies, ma bumpers, zitseko, ndi ma denga assemblies omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto okwera anthu. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito ma alloys apamwamba omwe amathandizidwa ndi ma hot stamping kukufufuzidwa kwambiri m'mafakitale monga ndege, chitetezo, ndi misika yatsopano. Ma alloys awa amapereka ubwino wokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kuchepetsa kulemera komwe kumakhala kovuta kupeza kudzera m'njira zina zopangira.
Pomaliza, Mzere Wopanga Zitsulo Zolimba (Aluminium) Wopanga Zitsulo Zotentha (High-Strength Steel (Aluminium)) umatsimikizira kupanga ziwalo za thupi zopangidwa ndi mawonekedwe ovuta molondola komanso moyenera. Ndi kupangika bwino kwambiri, ntchito zochepa zolumikizirana, kuchepa kwa zolakwika, komanso zinthu zabwino, mzere wopanga uwu umapereka zabwino zambiri. Ntchito zake zimafikira pakupanga ziwalo zoyera za magalimoto onyamula anthu ndipo zimapereka zabwino zomwe zingachitike mu ndege, chitetezo, ndi misika yatsopano. Ikani ndalama mu Mzere Wopanga Zitsulo Zolimba (Aluminium) Wopanga Zitsulo Zotentha (High-Strength Steel) kuti mupeze magwiridwe antchito abwino, zokolola, komanso mapangidwe opepuka m'mafakitale a magalimoto ndi ogwirizana nawo.
Kodi kusindikiza kotentha n'chiyani?
Kuponda potentha, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti kuuma kwa press ku Europe ndi kuponda potentha ku Asia, ndi njira yopangira zinthu pomwe chopanda kanthu chimatenthedwa kutentha kwina kenako nkusindikizidwa ndikuzimitsidwa pansi pa kupanikizika mu die yofanana kuti akwaniritse mawonekedwe omwe akufuna ndikupangitsa kusintha kwa gawo mu chitsulocho. Ukadaulo woponda potentha umaphatikizapo kutentha mapepala achitsulo a boron (omwe ali ndi mphamvu yoyambirira ya 500-700 MPa) kupita ku austenitizing state, kuwasamutsa mwachangu ku die kuti asindikizidwe mwachangu, ndikuzimitsa gawo lomwe lili mkati mwa die pamlingo wozizira woposa 27°C/s, kutsatiridwa ndi nthawi yogwira pansi pa kupanikizika, kuti mupeze zigawo zachitsulo zamphamvu kwambiri zokhala ndi kapangidwe kofanana ka martensitic.
Ubwino wa kupondaponda kotentha
Mphamvu yokoka bwino komanso luso lopanga ma geometries ovuta.
Kuchepetsa kulemera kwa zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chopyapyala pamene mukusunga kapangidwe kake ndi magwiridwe antchito owonongeka.
Kuchepa kwa kufunika kolumikizana ndi ntchito monga kuwotcherera kapena kulumikiza.
Gawo lochepetsedwa la masika ndi kupindika.
Zilema zochepa m'zigawo monga ming'alu ndi kugawanika.
Kufunika kwa toni yosindikizira yochepa poyerekeza ndi kupanga kozizira.
Kutha kusintha zinthu malinga ndi madera enaake.
Ma microstructures abwino kwambiri kuti agwire bwino ntchito.
Njira yopangira zinthu yophweka yokhala ndi njira zochepa zogwirira ntchito kuti mupeze chinthu chomalizidwa.
Ubwino uwu umathandizira kuti zinthu zomangira nyumba zikhale zogwira mtima, zabwino, komanso magwiridwe antchito.
Zambiri zokhudza kupondaponda kotentha
1. Kupondaponda Kotentha vs Kupondaponda Kozizira
Kuponda ponda ponda ndi njira yopangira yomwe imachitika mutatentha pepala lachitsulo, pomwe kuponda ponda ponda ponda kumatanthauza kuponda mwachindunji pepala lachitsulo popanda kutentha.
Kusindikiza zinthu mozizira kuli ndi ubwino woonekeratu kuposa kusindikiza zinthu mozizira. Komabe, kumasonyezanso kuipa kwina. Chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwakukulu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusindikiza zinthu mozizira poyerekeza ndi kusindikiza zinthu mozizira, zinthu zosindikizidwa zinthu mozizira zimakhala zosavuta kusweka ndi kusweka. Chifukwa chake, zida zolondola zosindikizira zinthu zimafunika posindikiza zinthu mozizira.
Kuponda potentha kumaphatikizapo kutentha pepala lachitsulo kutentha kwambiri musanapondaponda ndikuzimitsa nthawi yomweyo mu die. Izi zimapangitsa kuti kapangidwe kake kachitsulo kasinthe kwathunthu kukhala martensite, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu ikhale yochuluka kuyambira 1500 mpaka 2000 MPa. Chifukwa chake, zinthu zopondapo kutentha zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri poyerekeza ndi zinthu zopondapo zozizira.
2.Hot Stamping Process Flow
Kuponda potentha, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti "kuuma kwa press," kumaphatikizapo kutentha pepala lamphamvu kwambiri lomwe limakhala ndi mphamvu yoyambirira ya 500-600 MPa mpaka kutentha kwapakati pa 880 ndi 950°C. Kenako pepala lotenthedwa limapondaponda mwachangu ndikuzimitsidwa mu die, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuziziritsa kukhale 20-300°C/s. Kusintha kwa austenite kukhala martensite panthawi yozimitsira kumawonjezera mphamvu ya gawolo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zigawo zosindikizidwa ndi mphamvu zofika 1500 MPa. Njira zoponda potentha zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: kuponda potentha mwachindunji ndi kuponda potentha mwachindunji:
Mu kuponda motentha mwachindunji, chopanda kanthu chomwe chimatenthedwa chimalowetsedwa mwachindunji mu die yotsekedwa kuti chipondedwe ndi kuzimitsidwa. Njira zotsatirazi zimaphatikizapo kuziziritsa, kudula m'mphepete ndi kuboola mabowo (kapena kudula ndi laser), ndi kuyeretsa pamwamba.
Fiture1: njira yogwiritsira ntchito poponda potentha --ponda potentha mwachindunji
Mu ndondomeko yotenthetsera mwachindunji, sitepe yopangira mawonekedwe ozizira imachitika musanalowe mu magawo a kutentha, kuponda kutentha, kudula m'mphepete, kuboola mabowo, ndi kuyeretsa pamwamba.
Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kupondaponda kotentha kosalunjika ndi kupondaponda kotentha mwachindunji kuli mu kuphatikiza gawo lopangira mawonekedwe ozizira musanatenthetse mu njira yosalunjika. Mu kupondaponda kotentha mwachindunji, chitsulo cha pepala chimalowetsedwa mwachindunji mu ng'anjo yotenthetsera, pomwe mu kupondaponda kotentha kosalunjika, gawo lopangidwa lozizira lopangidwa kale limatumizidwa mu ng'anjo yotenthetsera.
Njira yogwiritsira ntchito njira yosinthira kutentha mosalunjika nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi izi:
Kupanga kozizira koyambirira -- Kutenthetsa - Kupondaponda kotentha -- Kudula m'mphepete ndi kubowola mabowo - Kuyeretsa pamwamba
Fiture2: njira yogwiritsira ntchito poponda potentha --ponda potentha mosalunjika
3. Zipangizo zazikulu zopopera kutentha zimaphatikizapo ng'anjo yotentha, makina osindikizira otentha, ndi nkhungu zopopera kutentha
Ng'anjo Yotenthetsera:
Chitofu chotenthetsera chili ndi mphamvu zotenthetsera ndi kulamulira kutentha. Chimatha kutenthetsa mbale zolimba kwambiri ku kutentha kobwezeretsanso mkati mwa nthawi inayake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofewa. Chiyenera kukhala chokhoza kusintha malinga ndi zofunikira zazikulu zopangira nthawi zonse. Popeza chitofu chotenthetsera chimatha kuyendetsedwa ndi maloboti kapena manja amakina okha, ng'anjoyo imafuna kukweza ndi kutsitsa zinthu zokha molondola kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, potenthetsera mbale zachitsulo zosaphimbidwa, ziyenera kupereka chitetezo cha mpweya kuti zisawonongeke pamwamba ndi kuchotsa mpweya m'chitofucho.
Hot Kupanga Press:
Makina osindikizira ndi maziko a ukadaulo wosindikizira motentha. Ayenera kukhala ndi luso losindikiza ndi kugwira mwachangu, komanso kukhala ndi makina oziziritsira mofulumira. Kuvuta kwaukadaulo kwa makina osindikizira otentha kumaposa kwambiri makina osindikizira ozizira wamba. Pakadali pano, makampani ochepa akunja okha ndi omwe ali ndi luso lopanga ndi kupanga makina osindikizira otere, ndipo onse amadalira zinthu zochokera kunja, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zodula.
Zopangira Zotentha:
Ma mold otentha amagwira ntchito zonse ziwiri monga kupanga ndi kuzimitsa. Mu gawo lopangira, billet ikangolowetsedwa m'chibowo, chibowocho chimamaliza mwachangu ntchito yozimitsa kuti chitsimikizire kuti zinthuzo zatha kale chisanasinthe gawo la martensitic. Kenako, chimalowa mu gawo lozimitsa ndi kuziziritsa, komwe kutentha kuchokera ku workpiece mkati mwa chibowo kumasamutsidwira ku chibowo nthawi zonse. Mapaipi ozizira omwe ali mkati mwa chibowocho amachotsa kutentha nthawi yomweyo kudzera mu coolant yoyenda. Kusintha kwa martensitic-austenitic kumayamba pamene kutentha kwa workpiece kumatsika kufika pa 425°C. Kusintha pakati pa martensite ndi austenite kumatha pamene kutentha kufika pa 280°C, ndipo workpiece imachotsedwa pa 200°C. Ntchito ya workpiece ndikuletsa kukula ndi kufupika kwa kutentha kosagwirizana panthawi yozimitsa, zomwe zingayambitse kusintha kwakukulu mu mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa gawolo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zotsalira. Kuphatikiza apo, zimawonjezera mphamvu yotumizira kutentha pakati pa workpiece ndi chibowocho, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziume mwachangu komanso kuziziritsa.
Mwachidule, zida zazikulu zopopera kutentha zimaphatikizapo ng'anjo yotenthetsera kuti ikwaniritse kutentha komwe mukufuna, chosindikizira chotentha chopopera ndi kugwira mwachangu ndi makina oziziritsira mofulumira, ndi zinyalala zotentha zomwe zimagwira ntchito zonse ziwiri zopanga ndi kuzimitsa kuti zitsimikizire kuti zigawozo zimapangidwa bwino komanso kuti ziziziritse bwino.
Kuthamanga kwa kuziziritsa sikumangokhudza nthawi yopangira, komanso kumakhudza magwiridwe antchito pakati pa austenite ndi martensite. Kuthamanga kwa kuziziritsa kumatsimikiza mtundu wa kapangidwe ka kristalo komwe kadzapangidwe ndipo kumagwirizana ndi mphamvu yomaliza ya workpiece. Kutentha kozizira kwambiri kwa chitsulo cha boron ndi pafupifupi 30℃/s, ndipo pokhapokha ngati kuzizira kwapitirira kutentha kozizira kofunikira, mapangidwe a martensitic angakulitsidwe kwambiri. Pamene kuzizira kuli kochepa kuposa kuzizira kofunikira, zinthu zomwe si za martensitic monga bainite zidzawonekera mu workpiece crystallization structure. Komabe, kuzizira kukakhala kwakukulu, kumakhala bwino, kuzizira kudzakhala kwakukulu kumabweretsa kusweka kwa zigawo zopangidwa, ndipo kuchuluka koyenera kwa kuziziritsa kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa malinga ndi kapangidwe ka zinthu ndi momwe ziwalozo zilili.
Popeza kapangidwe ka chitoliro choziziritsira kamagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kukula kwa liwiro loziziritsira, chitoliro choziziritsira nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa kuchokera ku lingaliro la mphamvu yayikulu yosamutsa kutentha, kotero njira ya chitoliro choziziritsira chomwe chapangidwa ndi yovuta kwambiri, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kupeza pobowola makina pambuyo pomaliza kuponyera nkhungu. Pofuna kupewa kuletsedwa ndi kukonza kwamakina, njira yosungira madzi musanagwiritse ntchito nkhungu nthawi zambiri imasankhidwa.
Popeza imagwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali pa 200℃ mpaka 880~950℃ pansi pa nyengo yozizira kwambiri komanso yotentha, zinthu zotenthetsera ziyenera kukhala zolimba bwino komanso zotenthetsera kutentha, ndipo zimatha kukana kukangana kwamphamvu kwa kutentha komwe kumapangidwa ndi billet pa kutentha kwakukulu komanso kuwonongeka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta oxide. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zobzalidwa ziyeneranso kukhala ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa coolant kuti zitsimikizire kuti chitoliro choziziritsira chikuyenda bwino.
Kudula ndi kuboola
Chifukwa mphamvu ya ziwalozo pambuyo pa kuponda kotentha imafika pafupifupi 1500MPa, ngati kudula ndi kubowola kwa makinawo kukugwiritsidwa ntchito, kufunikira kwa tonnage ya zidazo kumakhala kwakukulu, ndipo kuwonongeka kwa m'mphepete mwa makinawo kumakhala kwakukulu. Chifukwa chake, mayunitsi odulira laser nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudula m'mphepete ndi mabowo.
4.Common kalasi ya chitsulo chotentha chopondaponda
Kuchita bwino musanasindikize
Kuchita bwino pambuyo posindikiza
Pakadali pano, chitsulo chotentha chopondaponda ndi B1500HS. Mphamvu yokoka isanayambe kuponda nthawi zambiri imakhala pakati pa 480-800MPa, ndipo ikatha kupondaponda, mphamvu yokoka imatha kufika 1300-1700MPa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, mphamvu yokoka ya mbale yachitsulo ya 480-800MPa, kudzera mu kupondaponda kotentha, imatha kupeza mphamvu yokoka ya pafupifupi 1300-1700MPa.
5. Kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chotentha chopondaponda
Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zotenthetsera kungathandize kwambiri kuti galimoto isagwedezeke bwino komanso kuti thupi la galimoto likhale lopepuka. Pakadali pano, ukadaulo wotenthetsera umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ziwalo zoyera za thupi la magalimoto onyamula anthu, monga galimoto, chipilala cha A, chipilala cha B, bampala, mtanda wa chitseko ndi njanji ya padenga ndi zina. Onani chithunzi 3 pansipa mwachitsanzo zigawo zoyenera kunyamula zolemera.
Chithunzi 3: Zigawo zoyera za thupi zoyenera kupondaponda kotentha
Chithunzi 4: makina a jiangdong a 1200 Ton Hot Stamping Press Line
Pakadali pano, mayankho opangira makina osindikizira a JIANGDONG MACHINERY akhala okhwima komanso okhazikika, ndipo monga wachiwiri kwa wapampando wa nthambi ya China Machine Tool Association forging machinery komanso mamembala a Komiti Yoyimira Makina Osindikizira ya China Forging Machinery, tachitanso kafukufuku ndi ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito makina osindikizira achitsulo ndi aluminiyamu, omwe achita gawo lalikulu pakulimbikitsa chitukuko cha makampani osindikizira kutentha ku China komanso padziko lonse lapansi.
